हिन्दी शब्दावली : विज्ञान

विज्ञान शब्दावली

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Science glossary

हिन्दी	अंग्रेज़ी	परिभाषा
अणु	molecule	यह द्रव्य का वह सबसे छोटा कण है जिसमें किसी द्रव्य को विभाजित करने के वावजूद भी उस द्रव्य की रासायनिक पहचान अपरिवर्तित रहती है। अर्थात द्रव्य का सबसे छोटा कण जो रासायनिक अभिक्रिया में भाग लेता है।
अनुनाद	resonance	जब किसी कम्पन करने वाले तार, लकड़ी या किसी अन्य युक्ति की स्वाभाविक आवृति उससे लगे हुए वातावरण की आवृति के बराबर हो जाती है, उस अवस्था को अनुनाद कहते हैं।
अभिक्रिया	reaction	दो या अधिक रसायन मिलकर जब एक या अधिक भिन्न रसायन बनायें तो उसे रासायनिक अभिक्रिया कहते हैं।
अमिश्र	immiscible	जो आपस में मिलकर एक समान नहीं हो सकते
अल्कली	alkali	क्षारीय गुणों वाला पदार्थ
आक्सीकरण	oxidize	मोटे तौर पर आक्सीजन के साथ किसी तत्व या यौगिक की अभिक्रिया को आक्सीकरण कहते हैं।
आयन	ions	वैसे परमाणु जो इलेक्ट्रॉन को त्याग कर अथवा ग्रहण करके आवेशित हो जाते है ।
आर्द्रता	humidity	वायु मे उपस्थित जलवाष्प की मात्रा ।
आवेश	charge	the state of an atom that has lost or gained an electron.
आसवन	condensation	वैसी प्रक्रिया जिसमें कोई पदार्थ गैस अवस्था से द्रव अवस्था में परिवर्तित होती है
इमल्सन	emulsion	tiny droplets of one liquid floating in another liquid, such as oil droplets floating in water.
उत्प्लावन बल	buoyancy	the ability to float, or in more technical terms
उर्जा	energy	कार्य करने की क्षमता
एलेक्ट्रान	electrons	a negatively charged subatomic particle. Electrons are found at varying distances from a atom's nucleus. They make up almost the entire volume of a atom but only account for a small part of the atom's mass. Compare to protons.
कारबन डाई आक्साइड	carbon dioxide	a heavy colorless gas that does not support combustion, dissolves in water to form carbonic acid, is formed in animal respiration and in the decay or combustion of animal and vegetable matter, and is absorbed from the air by plants in photosynthesis.
कोण्डा प्रभाव	coanda effect	described by Henri Coanda, a Romanian scientist, in the 1930's. This effect describes the tendency of moving air of fluids to follow the nearby curved or inclined surface.
अम्ल	acid	खट्टा स्वाद वाला, धातुओं तथा अन्य को गलाने में सक्षम, लाल लिटमस कागज को नीला कर देता है, क्षार का बिलोम
क्षार	base	a bitter tasting substance (and often slimy)
गुरुत्व	gravity	the attractive central gravitational force exerted by a celestial body such as earth.
घनत्व	density	the ratio of the mass of a body to its volume, usually expressed as its specific gravity.
घर्षण	friction	the resistance that occurs when two objects rub together.
चालक	conductor	a thing that transmits heat, electricity, light, sound or other form of energy.
चुम्बकत्व	magnetism	the force that electric currents exert on other electric currents.
जड़त्व	inertia	the tendency of a body to remain at rest or stay in motion unless acted upon by an external force.
टर्बाइन	turbine	pronounced TUR bihn or pronounced TUR byn, is a device with a rotor turned by a moving fluid, such as water, steam, gas, or wind. A turbine changes kinetic energy (energy of movement) into mechanical energy (energy in the form of mechanical power).
ट्रान्सफ़ार्मर	transformer	a device that changes the voltage of electricity.
डेसीबेल	decibel	a unit of measurement for sound, it measures the loudness or volume of the sound waves.
तड़ित	lightening	a powerful flash of electricity between the negative electrical charges in clouds or between a cloud and the ground.
तत्व	element	a basic chemical substance in which all the atoms are the same, and different from the atoms of any other substance.
दाब	pressure	the application of a steady force upon another object.
दाबमापी	barometer	a device used to measure the pressure of the atmosphere. The barometer unit of measure is called millibars.
द्रब्यमान/संहति	mass	often defined as the amount of matter in an object. Note that mass and weight are not the same thing. Weight is the force on an object due to the gravitational pull of a planet or other heavenly body. Mass on the other hand, remains constant, no matter where it is.
द्वीतियक बैटरी	secondary battery	a battery that can be recharged.
परमाणु	atoms	किसी पदार्थ का सबसे छोटा कण जो बिना परिवर्तित हुए किसी रासायनिक क्रिया में भाग ले सकता है। परमाणु के केन्द्र में नाभिक होता है जिसमें प्रोटान और न्यूट्रान होते हैं, तथा एलेक्ट्रान इस नाभिक के चारो ओर चक्कर लगाते हैं।
परावर्तन	refraction	the bending of a wave path, as of light or sound, at the boundary between two different mediums.
परिपथ	circuit	the path followed by an electric current. Electricity must flow in a circuit to do useful work.
प्राणवायु/आक्सीजन	oxygen	a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is the most plentiful element in the Earth's crust. It was discovered in 1772 by Swidish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele.
प्रेरण	induction	the process by which an object having electrical or magnetic properties produces similar properties in a nearby object, usually without direct contact.
प्रोटान	protons	a positively charged subatomic particle. Protons, along with other subatomic particles called Neutrons, make up the nucleus of a atom. The number of protons in an atom is called the atomic number of the element. Compare to electrons.
बर्नौली प्रभाव	bernoulli effect	described by Swiss mathmetician Daniel Bernoulli in 1738. Bernoulli's theorem (sometimes called the Venturi effect) implies that a decrease in fluid pressure is associated with an increase in the fluid's velocity (speed). It's the basics for aircraft wing design explaining that air flowing over the upper, curved part of the wing moves faster than the air on the underside of the wing so that the pressure underneath is greater and hence causes lift.
बैटरी	battery	a device that produces electricity by means of chemical reaction. A battery consist of one or more units called electric cells. Each cell has all the chemicals and parts needed to produce an electric current.
भार	weight	the force on an object due to the gravitational pull of a planet or other heavenly body.
रासायनिक अभिक्रिया	chemical reaction	a process by which one substance is chemically converted to another. Chemical reactions involve the formation or destruction of bonds between atoms.
वायुमण्डल	atmosphere	पृथ्वी के चारो ओर हवा का घेरा; पृथ्वी के निकट यह घना है और ज्यों-ज्यों उपर चलते जाते हैं यह विरल होते-होते बाहरी अन्तरिक्ष में निर्वात (वायु-विहीन) हो जाता है।
वायुवेगमापी	anemometer	एक युक्ति जो हवा की चाल मापने के काम आती है।
विद्युत अपघटन	electrolysis	splitting a substance into the separate chemicals that make it up, by passing an electric current through it.
विद्युत जनित्र	dynamo	a device that creates electricity by turning around a magnet near a coil of wire.
विद्युत धारा	current	the movement or flow of electric charges
विद्युत धारा	electric current	see current.
विभव	potential	the amount of electrification of a point with reference to some standard.
विशिष्ट घनत्व	specific gravity	the ratio of the density of a body to the density of water, the latter being taken as unity.
विसरण	osmosis	the natural passage or diffusion of water (or other liquids) through a semi permeable membrane.
वोल्टता	voltage	differences in potential (or electric state) related to the electrical forces that 'push' charges through a conductor. Can be thought of as the pressure which pushes electricity through a wire.
संधारित्र	capacitor	a device that stores electric energy in the form of an electric charge.
संवेग	momentum	the speed or force of something that is moving.
सूक्ष्म नलिका प्रभाव	capillary action	the tendency of liquids to move into or out of tiny, hairlike passages.
सेल्सियस	Celsius	a unit of measurement for temperature. Water freezes at 0°C (zero degrees Celsius) and boils at 100°C (100 degrees Celsius).
स्थिर विद्युत	static electricity	describes the situation where objects carry a charge.
हिमांक	freezing point	the temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid. Increased pressure usually raises the freezing point.